To reduce the energy cost of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs), the duty cycle (i.e., periodic wake-up\nand sleep) concept has been used in several medium access control (MAC) protocols. Although these\nprotocols are energy efficient, they sacrifice bandwidth utilization, which leads to lower transmission rate. In\norder to solve this problem, asynchronous duty cycle with network-coding Asynchronous Duty Cycle with\nNetwork-Coding MAC (ADCNC-MAC) is proposed. It contains initialization of the MAC protocol phase and\ndata transmission phase. In the first phase, we use an asynchronous duty cycle to find a rendezvous time\nfor exchanging data. A strategy to select network coder nodes is presented to confirm the number of network\ncoder nodes and distribution in the network coder layer. In the data transmission phase, the network coder nodes\ntransmit using the proposed network-coding-based algorithm and a higher volume of packet will be transmitted to\nthe Sink with the same number of transmissions. Simulation results show that ADCNC-MAC achieves higher power\nefficiency, improves packet delivery ratio (PDR), and network throughput.
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